UNIVERSELE
VERKLARING
VAN MENSEREGTE |
UNIVERSAL
DECLARATION
OF HUMAN RIGHTS |
Aanhef
Aangesien erkenning vir die inherente waardigheid en die gelyke en
onvervreembare reg van alle lede van die menslike ras die basis vir vryheid, geregtigheid
en vrede in die wereld is; |
Preamble
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and
inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom,
justice and peace in the world, |
Aangesien
minagting vir menseregte barbaarse dade wat die gewete van die mens aangetas het en die
aanvang van 'n wereld waarin mense vryheid van spraak, geloof, vrees en behoefte het,
gesien word as die hoogste aspirasie van die gemiddelde mens; |
Whereas
disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have
outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall
enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as
the highest aspiration of the common people, |
Aangesien
dit noodsaaklik is dat menseregte deur die wet beskerm word ten einde te voorkom dat mense
nie gedwing gaan word om in opstand teen tirannie en onderdrukking te kom nie; |
Whereas
it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to
rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the
rule of law, |
Aangesien
dit noodsaaklik is om die ontwikkeling van vriendelike bande tussen nasies aan te moedig; |
Whereas
it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations, |
Aangesien
die volke wat lid van die Verenigde Volke Organisasie is, hul geloof in fundamentele
menseregte in die Handves beklemtoon, in die waardigheid en waarde van die menslike
persoon, in die gelyke regte van mans en vrouens en dit ten doel het om sosiale
vooruitgang en 'n beter lewenspeil in groter vryheid te bevorder; |
Whereas
the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in
fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal
rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better
standards of life in larger freedom, |
Aangesien
Lidstate hulle voorgeneem het om in samewerking met die Verenigde Volke universele respek
en agting vir menseregte en fundamentele vryheid te verwesenlik; en |
Whereas
Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations,
the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental
freedoms, |
Aangesien
'n algemene begrip van hierdie regte en vryhede van groot belang vir die bereiking van
hierdie voorneme is, |
Whereas
a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the
full realization of this pledge, Now, therefore, |
verklaar die Algemene Vergadering hierdie
Universele Verklaring van Menseregte as 'n algemene standaard vir die verwesenliking deur
alle mense en nasies, om te verseker dat elke individu en elke deel van die gemeenskap
hierdie Verklaring in ag sal neem en deur opvoeding, respek vir hierdie regte en vryhede
te bevorder, op nasionale en internasionale vlak, daarna sal strewe om die universele en
effektiewe erkenning en agting van hierdie regte te verseker, nie net vir die mense van
die Lidstate nie, maar ook vir die mense in die gebiede onder hul jurisdiksie. |
The
General Assembly, proclaims this
Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples
and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this
Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect
for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to
secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of
Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. |
Artikel 1
Alle menslike wesens word vry, met gelyke waardigheid en regte,
gebore. Hulle het rede en gewete en behoort in die gees van broederskap teenoor mekaar op
te tree. |
Article 1
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They
are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of
brotherhood. |
Artikel 2
Elke persoon het die reg tot al die regte en vryhede soos in die
Verklaring vervat is, sonder uitsondering van enige aard soos op grond van ras, geslag,
kleur, taal, godsdiens, geboorte of enige ander status.
Daarbenewens sal geen onderskeid op grond van politieke, geregtelike
of internasionale status van die land of gebied waartoe 'n persoon behoort gemaak word
nie, hetsy dit 'n onafhanklike trust, nie-selfregerend of onder enige ander beperking van
soewereiniteit is. |
Article 2
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in
this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language,
religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other
status.
Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or
international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be
independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. |
Artikel 3
Elkeen het die reg tot lewe, vryheid en sekuriteit van persoon. |
Article 3
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. |
Artikel 4
Niemand sal in slawerny of knegskap gehou word nie; alle vorms van
slawerny en handel in slawe sal verbied word. |
Article 4
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave
trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. |
Artikel 5
Niemand sal gemartel word of aan wrede, onmenslike of vernederende
behandeling of straf blootgestel word nie. |
Article 5
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment. |
Artikel 6
Elkeen het oral die reg tot erkenning as 'n persoon voor die reg. |
Article 6
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before
the law. |
Artikel 7
Almal is gelyk voor die reg en het die reg tot gelyke beskerming van
die wet. Almal het die reg tot gelyke beskerming teen enige diskriminasie ter skending van
hierdie Verklaring en teen enige aanmoediging tot sulke diskriminasie. |
Article 7
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any
discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection
against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to
such discrimination. |
Artikel 8
Elkeen het die reg tot effektiewe kompensasie deur bevoegde
nasionale tribunale vir dade wat hul fundamentele reg skaad wat deur die wet of grondwet
aan hulle gegee is. |
Article 8
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent
national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the
constitution or by law. |
Artikel 9
Niemand sal aan arbitrêre arrestasie, aanhouding of bannelingskap
onderworpe wees nie. |
Article 9
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. |
Artikel 10
Elkeen het, in volle gelykheid, die reg tot 'n regverdige en
openbare verhoor deur 'n onafhanklike en objektiewe tribunaal, in die bepaling van sy
regte en verpligtinge en die ondersoek van enige kriminele saak teen hom. |
Article 10
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing
by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and
obligations and of any criminal charge against him. |
Artikel 11
- Elkeen beskuldig van 'n strafbare oortreding het die reg om as
onskuldig beskou te word tot skuldig bevind volgens die wet, in 'n openbare saak waarin hy
verseker is van die nodige verdediging.
- Niemand sal beskuldig word van 'n strafbare oortreding as gevolg van
enige daad of nalatigheid wat volgens nasionale of internasionale wet nie 'n misdaad ten
tye van die pleeg daarvan was nie. 'n Swaarder straf sal ook nie opgel word as die straf
wat toepaslik was ten tye van die oortreding nie.
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Article 11
- Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed
innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all
the guarantees necessary for his defence.
- No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any
act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international
law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the
one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.
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Artikel 12
Niemand sal onderworpe wees aan arbitrêre inmenging met sy
privaatheid, familie, woning of korrespondensie nie, of aan aanvalle op sy eer en
reputasie nie. Elkeen het die reg tot beskerming deur die wet teen sulke inmenging of
aanvalle. |
Article 12
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his
privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation.
Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. |
Artikel 13
- Elkeen het die reg tot vryheid van beweging en verblyf binne die
grense van elke staat.
- Elkeen het die reg om enige land te verlaat, insluitende sy eie, en
na sy land terug te keer.
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Article 13
- Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within
the borders of each State.
- Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and
to return to his country.
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Artikel 14
- Elkeen het die reg tot asiel in ander lande.
- Daar mag nie op hierdie reg aanspraak gemaak word tydens vervolging
vir nie-politieke oortredings of dade wat strydig is met die doelwitte en beginsels van
die Verenigde Volke nie.
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Article 14
- Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum
from persecution.
- This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely
arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of
the United Nations.
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Artikel 15
- Elkeen het die reg tot burgerskap.
- Niemand se burgerskap sal arbitrêr afgeneem word nie en niemand sal
van die reg ontneem word om afstand te doen van burgerskap nie.
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Article 15
- Everyone has the right to a nationality.
- No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied
the right to change his nationality.
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Artikel 16
- Volwasse mans en vrouens, sonder enige beperking as gevolg van ras,
nasionaliteit of godsdiens, het die reg om te trou en met 'n familie te begin.Hulle kan
aanspraak maak op gelyke regte ten opsigte van die huwelik, tydens die huwelik en tydens
ontbinding van die huwelik.
- Die huwelik sal plaasvind slegs met die vrywillige en volle
toestemming van die voornemende huweliksmaats.
- Die familie is die natuurlike en fundamentele groepseenheid van die
gemeenskap en kan aanspraak maak op beskerming deur die gemeenskap en die Staat.
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Article 16
- Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race,
nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled
to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
- Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of
the intending spouses.
- The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and
is entitled to protection by society and the State.
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Artikel 17
- Elkeen het die reg om individueel en in assosiasie met ander eiendom
te besit.
- Niemand se eiendom sal arbitrêr afgeneem word nie.
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Article 17
- Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in
association with others.
- No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
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Artikel 18
Elkeen het die reg tot vryheid van denke, gewete en godsdiens;
hierdie reg sluit in die reg om van godsdiens of geloof te verander en die vryheid om,
hetsy alleen of in 'n gemeenskap, hierdie godsdiens of geloof te beoefen deur
verkondiging, aanbidding of heiliging. |
Article 18
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and
religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom,
either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his
religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. |
Artikel 19
Elkeen het die reg tot vryheid van opinie en uitdrukking; hierdie
reg sluit die vryheid in om opinies sonder inmenging te lug en om inligting en idees te
vra, te ontvang en te deel deur middel van enige medium ten spyte van grense. |
Article 19
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this
right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and
impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. |
Artikel 20
- Elkeen het die reg tot vryheid van vreedsame vergadering en
assosiasie.
- Niemand sal gedwing word om aan 'n assosiasie te behoort nie.
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Article 20
- Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and
association.
- No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
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Artikel 21
- Elkeen het die reg om aan die regering van sy land deel te neem,
hetsy direk of deur vrylik verkose verteenwoordigers.
- Elkeen het die reg tot gelyke toegang tot die openbare dienste in sy
land.
- Die wil van die mense sal die basis vorm van die owerheid of
regering, en hierdie wil sal uitgedruk word deur middel van egte tussenverkiesings.
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Article 21
- Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country,
directly or through freely chosen representatives.
- Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his
country.
- The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of
government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be
by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free
voting procedures.
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Artikel 22
Elkeen, as 'n lid van die gemeenskap, het die reg tot
bestaan-sekerheid en kan aanspraak maak op die verwesenliking van die ekonomiese, sosiale
en kulturele regte wat noodsaaklik is vir sy waardigheid en die vrye ontwikkeling van sy
persoonlikheid, deur middel van nasionale pogings en internasionale samewerking en volgens
die organisasie en hulpbronne van elke staat. |
Article 22
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security
and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and
in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social
and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his
personality. |
Artikel 23
- Elkeen het die reg om te werk, tot die vrye keuse van arbeid, tot
regverdige en gunstige werksomstandighede en tot beskerming teen werkloosheid.
- Elkeen, sonder diskriminasie, het die reg tot gelyke betaling vir
gelyke werk.
- Elkeen wat werk kan aanspraak maak op regverdige vergoeding wat aan
hom en sy familie 'n menswaardige bestaan verseker en wat aangevul kan word deur ander
vorms van sosiale sekerheid, indien nodig.
- Elkeen het die reg, ter beskerming van sy belange, om vakbonde te
stig en daarby aan te sluit
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Article 23
- Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just
and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
- Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for
equal work.
- Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration
ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and
supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
- Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the
protection of his interests.
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Artikel 24
Elkeen het die reg tot rus en vrye tyd, insluitend redelike
beperkings op werksure en periodieke betaalde verlof. |
Article 24
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable
limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. |
Artikel 25
- Elkeen het die reg tot 'n lewenspeil wat voldoende is vir gesondheid,
welsyn vir homself en sy familie, insluitende kos, klere, behuising, mediese sorg en
noodsaaklike bestaansekerheid, en die reg tot voordele of onderstandsgeld tydens
werkloosheid, siekte, ongeskiktheid, weduweeskap, ouderdom of 'n tekort aan lewens-middele
tydens omstandighede buite sy beheer.
- Moeders en kinders kan aanspraak maak op spesiale sorg en hulp. Alle
kinders, hetsy binne- of buite-egtelik, sal dieselfde sosiale beskerming geniet.
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Article 25
- Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the
health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and
medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of
unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in
circumstances beyond his control.
- Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance.
All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.
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Artikel 26
- Elkeen het die reg tot opvoeding. Opvoeding sal gratis wees, ten
minste in die elementêre en fundamentele stadiums. Elementêre opvoeding sal verpligtend
wees. Tegniese en professionele opvoeding sal geredelik beskikbaar wees en hor
opvoeding sal net so geredelik op meriete beskikbaar wees.
- Opvoeding sal gemik wees op die volle ontwikkeling van die menslike
persoonlikheid en op die bevordering van respek vir menseregte en fundamentele vryheid.
Dit sal begrip, verdraag-saamheid en vriendskap tussen alle nasies, rasse of etniese
groepe bevorder, asook die aktiwiteite van die Verenigde Volke in die handhawing van
vrede.
- Ouers het die reg om te kies watter tipe opvoeding hulle kinders
ontvang.
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Article 26
- Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at
least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory.
Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher
education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
- Education shall be directed to the full development of the human
personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.
It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or
religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the
maintenance of peace.
- Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall
be given to their children.
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Artikel 27
- Almal het die reg om vrylik aan die kulturele lewe van hul gemeenskap
deel te neem, om die kunste te geniet en in wetenskaplike vooruitgang en voordele te deel.
- Elkeen het die reg tot die beskerming van die morele en
materile belange wat spruit uit enige wetenskaplike, letterkundige of kunswerk deur
hom geproduseer.
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Article 27
- Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of
the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
- Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material
interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is
the author.
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Artikel 28
Elkeen is geregtig op 'n sosiale en internasionale orde waarin die
regte en vryhede beskryf in hierdie Verklaring ten volle verwesenlik kan word. |
Article 28
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which
the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized. |
Artikel 29
- Elkeen het verpligtinge teenoor die gemeenskap waar alleenlik die
vrye en volle ontwikkeling van sy persoonlikheid moontlik is.
- In die uitoefening van regte en vryhede, sal elke mens slegs
onderworpe wees aan die wetlike beperkinge ingestel om deeglike erkenning en respek vir
die regte en vryhede van ander te verseker en om die redelike vereistes na te kom vir
sedelikheid, openbare orde en die algemene welsyn van 'n demokratiese gemeenskap.
- Hierdie regte en vryhede mag in geen geval strydig met die doelwitte
en beginsels van die Verenigde Volke uitgeoefen word nie.
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Article 29
- Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full
development of his personality is possible.
- In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject
only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due
recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just
requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.
- These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the
purposes and principles of the United Nations.
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Artikel 30
Niks in hierdie Verklaring mag interpreteer word as impliserend dat
enige Staat, groep of persoon die reg het om deel te neem aan enige aktiwiteit of enige
daad wat gerig is op die beskadiging van enige regte en vryhede hierin beskryf nie. |
Article 30
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any
State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at
the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein. |