SPLOŠNA DEKLARACIJA
ČLOVEKOVIH PRAVIC
Preambula
Ker pomeni priznanje prirojenega človeškega dostojanstva vseh
članov človeške družbe in njihovih enakih in neodtujljivih pravic temelj svobode,
pravičnosti in miru na svetu; |
UNIVERSAL
DECLARATION
OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Preamble
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and
inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom,
justice and peace in the world, |
ker sta zanikanje in teptanje človekovih pravic pripeljala do barbarskih
dejanj, žaljivih za človeško vest, in ker je bila stvaritev sveta, v katerem bi imeli
vsi ljudje svobode govora in verovanja in v katerem ne bi živeli v strahu in pomanjkanju,
spoznana za najvišje prizadevanje človeštva; |
Whereas
disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have
outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall
enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as
the highest aspiration of the common people, |
ker je nujno potrebno, da se pravice človeka zavarujejo z močjo prava, da
človek ne bi bil prisiljen zatekati se v skrajni sili k uporu zoper tiranijo in nasilje; |
Whereas
it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to
rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the
rule of law, |
ker je nujno potrebno pospeševati razvoj prijatelskih odnosov med narodi; |
Whereas
it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations, |
ker so ljudstva Združenih narodov ponovno potrdila svojo vero v temeljne
človekove pravice osebnosti, v enakopravnost moških in žensk in se odločila, da bodo
podpirala družbeni napredek in ustvarjanje boljših življenjskih pogojev v večji
svobodi; |
Whereas
the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in
fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal
rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better
standards of life in larger freedom, |
ker so se vse države članice zavezale, da bodo, v sodelovanju z Združenimi
narodi, pospeševale splošno in resnično spoštovanje človekovih pravic in temeljnih
svoboščin; |
Whereas
Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations,
the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental
freedoms, |
ker je skupno razumevanje teh pravic in svoboščin največjega pomena za
popolno uresničitev te zaveze, |
Whereas
a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the
full realization of this pledge, Now, therefore, |
GENERALNA SKUPŠČINA, razglaša to Splošno
Deklaracijo Čovekovih Pravic kot skupen ideal vseh ljudstev in vseh narodov z namenom, da
bi vsi organi družbe in vsi posamezniki, vedno v skladu s to Declaracijo, pri pouku in
vzgoji razvijali spoštovanje do teh pravic in svoboščin ter s postopnimi državnimi in
mednarodnimi ukrepi zagotovili in zavarovali njihovo splošno in resnično priznanje in
spoštovanje, tako med narodi držav članic samih, kakor tudi med ljudstvi ozemelj pod
njihovo oblastjo. |
THE
GENERAL ASSEMBLY, proclaims this
Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples
and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this
Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect
for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to
secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of
Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. |
1. člen.
Vsi ljudje se rodilo svobodni in imajo enako dostojanstvo in enake
pravice. Obdarjeni so z razumom in vestjo in bi morali ravnati grug z grugim kakor bratje. |
Article 1
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They
are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of
brotherhood. |
2. člen.
Vsakdo je upravičen do uživanja vseh pravic in svoboščin, ki so
razglašene s to Declaracijo, ne glede na raso, barvo, spol, jezik, vero, politično ali
drugo prepričanje, narodno ali socialno pripadnost, premoženje, rojstvo ali kakršnokoli
drugo okoliščino.
Nadalje ni dopustno nikakršno razlikovanje glede na politično ali
pravno ureditev ali mednarodni položaj dežele ali ozemlja, ki mu kdo pripada, pa naj bo
to ozemlje neodvisno, pod skrbništvom, nesamoupravno ali kakorkoli omejeno v svoji
suverenosti. |
Article 2
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in
this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language,
religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other
status.
Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or
international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be
independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. |
3. člen.
Vsakdo ima pravico do življenja, do prostosti in do osebne
varnosti. |
Article 3
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. |
4. člen.
Nikogar se ne sme imeti niti v suženjustvu niti v podložništvu;
suženjstvo in trgovina s sužnji v kakršnikoli obliki sta prepovedana. |
Article 4
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave
trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. |
5. člen.
Nikogar se ne sme mučiti ali z njim surovo, nečloveško ali
ponižujoče ravnati. |
Article 5
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment. |
6. člen.
Vsakdo ima povsod pravico do priznanja pravne sposobnosti. |
Article 6
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before
the law. |
7. člen.
Vsi so enaki pred zakonom, vsi, brez diskriminacije, imajo pravico
do enakega pravnega varstva. Vsi imajo pravico do enakega varstva pred sleherno
diskriminacijo, ki bi kršila to Declaracijo, kakor tudi pred vsakim ščuvanjem k takšni
diskriminaciji. |
Article 7
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any
discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection
against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to
such discrimination. |
8. člen.
Vsakdo ima pravico do učinkovitega pravnega sredstva pri pristojnih
državnih sodnih oblasteh proti dejanjem, ki kršijo temeljne pravice, priznane mu po
ustavi ali zakonu. |
Article 8
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent
national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the
constitution or by law. |
9. člen.
Nihče ne sme biti samovoljno zaprt, pridržan ali izgnan. |
Article 9
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. |
10. člen.
Vsakdo je pri odločanju o njegovih pravicah in dolžnostih in v
primeru kakršnekoli kazenske obtožbe zoper njega upravičen ob polni enakosti do
pravičnega in javnega obravnavanja pred neodovisnim in nepristranskim sodiščem. |
Article 10
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing
by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and
obligations and of any criminal charge against him. |
11. člen.
- Vsakdo, ki je obtožen kaznivega dejanja, ima pravico, da velja za
nedolžnega, dokler ni spoznan za krivega v skladu za zakonom o javnem postopku, v katerem
so mu dane vse možnosti, potrebne za njegovo obrambo.
- Nihče ne sme biti spoznan za krivega kateregakoli kaznivega dejanja
zaradi kakršnegakoli ravnanja ali opustitve, po notranjem ali mednarodnem pravu. Prav
tako se ne sme izreči strožja kazen od tiste, ki je bila predpisana v času storitve
kaznivega dejanja.
|
Article 11
- Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed
innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all
the guarantees necessary for his defence.
- No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any
act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international
law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the
one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.
|
12. člen.
Nikogar se ne sme nadlegovati s samovoljnim vmešavanjem v njegovo
zasebno življenje, v njegovo družino, v njegovo stanovanje ali njegovo dopisovanje in
tudi ne z napadi na njegovo čast in ugled. Vsakdo ima pravico do zakonskega varstva pred
takšnim vmešavanjem ali takšnimi napadi. |
Article 12
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his
privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation.
Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. |
13. člen.
- Vsakdo ima pravico do svobodnega gibanja in izbire prebivališče
znotraj meja določene države.
- Vsakdo ima pravico zapustiti katero koli državo, vklljučno svojo
lastno, in vrni ti se v svojo državo.
|
Article 13
- Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within
the borders of each State.
- Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and
to return to his country.
|
14.člen.
- Vsakdo ima pravico v drugi državah iskati in uživati
pribežališče pre preganjanjem.
- Na to pravico se ni mogoče sklicevati primeru pregona, ki dejansko
temeljih nepolitičnih kaznivih dejanjih ali dejanih ki so v nasprotju s cilji in načeli
Združe nih narodov.
|
Article 14
- Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum
from persecution.
- This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely
arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of
the United Nations.
|
15. člen.
- Vsakdo ima pravico do državljanstva.
- Nikomur se ne sme samovoljno vze državljanstvo ali zakonita pravica
do spre membe državljanstva.
|
Article 15
- Everyone has the right to a nationality.
- No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied
the right to change his nationality.
|
16. člen.
- Polnoletni moški in žensi imajo brez kakršnihkoli omejitev glede
in raso, državljanstvo ali vero, pravico skloniti zakonsko zvezo in ustanoviti družin
Upravičeni so do enakih pravic v zvezi zakonsko zvezo, tako med zakonsko zver kot tudi,
ko ta preneha.
- Zakonska zveza se sme skleniti samo svobodno in polno privolitvijo
obeh bodčih zakoncev.
- Družina je naravna in temeljna celi družbe in ima pravico do
družbenega državnega varstva.
|
Article 16
- Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race,
nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled
to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
- Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of
the intending spouses.
- The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and
is entitled to protection by society and the State.
|
17. člen
- Vsakdo ima pravico do prmoženja, tako sam, kakor tudi skupno
drugimi.
- Nikomur ne sme biti prmoženje samovoljno vzeto.
|
Article 17
- Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in
association with others.
- No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
|
18. člen.
Vsakdo ima pravico do svobodne misli, vesti in veroizpovedi; ta
pravi zajema svodobo spreminjati prepričan in vero kakor tudi nujno svobodno, jav ali
zasebno izražanje, bodisi posamezr ali v skupnosti z drugimi, s poučevanjem, v praksi, z
bogoslužjem in opravljanjem obredov. |
Article 18
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and
religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom,
either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his
religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. |
19. člen.
Vsakdo ima pravico do svobode mišljenja in izražanja vštevši
pravico, da nihče ne sme biti nadlegovan zaradi svojega mišljenja, in pravico, da lahko
vsak išče, sprejema in širi informacije in ideje s kakršnimikoli sredstvi in ne glede
na meje. |
Article 19
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this
right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and
impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. |
20. člen.
- Vsakdo ima pravico do svobodnega in miroljubnega zbiranja in
združevanja.
- Nikogar se ne sme prisiliti k članstvu v katerokoli društvo.
|
Article 20
- Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and
association.
- No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
|
21. člen
- Vsakdo ima pravico sodelovati pri opravljanju javnih zadev svoje
države bodisi neposredno ali po svobodno izbranih predstavnikih.
- Vsakdo ima pod enakimi pogoji pravico do javnih služb v svoji
državi.
- Volja ljudstva je temelj javne oblasti; ta volja se mora izražati v
občasnih in poštenih volitvah, ki morajo biti splošne ob načelu enakosti in tajnega
glasovanja ali po kakšnem drugem enakovrednem postopku, ki zagotavlja svobodo glasovanja.
|
Article 21
- Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country,
directly or through freely chosen representatives.
- Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his
country.
- The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of
government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be
by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free
voting procedures.
|
22. člen.
Vsakdo ima kot član družbe pravico do socialne varnosti in pravico
do uživanja, s pomočjo prizadevanj svojih skupnosti in mednarodnega sodelovanja in v
skladu z ureditvijo in sredstvi neke države, ekonomskih, socialnih in kulturnih pravic,
nepogrešljivih za njegove dostojansvto in svoboden razvoj njegove osebnosti. |
Article 22
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security
and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and
in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social
and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his
personality. |
23. člen.
- Vsakdo ima pravico do dela in proste izbire zaposlitve, do pravičnih
in zadovoljivih delovnih pogojev in do varstva pred nezaposlenostjo.
- Vsakdo ima, brez kakršnekoli diskriminacije, pravico do enakega
plačila za enako delo.
- Vsakdo, kdor dela, ima pravico do pravične in zadovoljive nagrade,
ki zagotavlja njemu in njegovi družini človeka vreden obstoj in ki naj se po potrebi
dopolni z drugimi sredstvi socialnega varstva.
- Vsakdo ima pravico sodelovati pri ustanavljanju sindikata ali
pridružiti se sindeikatu za zavarovanje svojih interesov.
|
Article 23
- Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just
and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
- Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for
equal work.
- Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration
ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and
supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
- Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the
protection of his interests.
|
24. člen.
Vsakdo ima pravico do počitka in prostega časa, vključno z
razumno omejitvijo delovnih ur, in pravico do občasnega plačanega dopusta. |
Article 24
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable
limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. |
25. člen.
- Vsakdo ima pravico do takšne življenjske ravni, ki zagotavlja njemu
in njegovi družini zdravje in blagostanje, vključno hrano obleko, stanovanje,
zdravniško oskrbo in potrebne socialne usluge; pravico do vastrva v primeru
nezaposlenosti, bolezni, delovne nezmožnosti, vdovstva ter starosti ali druge
nezmožnosti pridobivanja živlljenjskih sredstev zaradi okoliščin, neodvisnih od
njegove volje.
- Materinstvo in otroštvo sta upravičena do posebne skrbi in pomoči.
Vsi otroci, bodisi da so rojeni kot zakonski ali zunaj zakonske skupnosti, uživajo enako
socialno varstvo.
|
Article 25
- Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the
health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and
medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of
unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in
circumstances beyond his control.
- Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance.
All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.
|
26. člen.
- Vsakdo ima pravico do izobrazbe. Izobraževanje je brezplačno vsaj
na začetni in temeljni stopnji. ·olanje na začetni stopnji je obvezno. Tehnično in
poklicno šolanje mora biti splošno dostopno. Višje šolanje mora biti na osnovi
doseženih uspehov vsem enako dostopno.
- Izobrazba mora biti usmerjena k polnemu razvoju človekove osebnosti
in utrjevanju spoštovanja človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin. Pospeševati mora
razumevanje, strpnost in prijateljstvo med vsemi narodi in med rasnimi in verskimi
skupinami ter pospeševati dejavnos Združenih narodov za ohranitev miru.
- Starši imajo prvo pravico do izbire vrste izobrazbe za svoje otroke.
|
Article 26
- Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at
least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory.
Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher
education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
- Education shall be directed to the full development of the human
personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.
It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or
religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the
maintenance of peace.
- Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall
be given to their children.
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27. člen.
- Vsakdo ima pravico prosto se udeleževati kulturnega življenja svoje
skupnosti, uživati umetnost in sodelovati pri napredku znanosti in biti deležen koristi,
ki iz nje izhajajo.
- Vsakdo ima pravico do varstva moralnih in premoženjskih koristi, ki
izhajajo iz kateregakoli znanstvenega, knijiževnega ali umetniškega dela, katerega avtor
je.
|
Article 27
- Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of
the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
- Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material
interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is
the author.
|
28. člen.
Vsakdo je upravičen do družbenega in mednarodnega reda, v katerem
se lahko v polni meri uresničujejo pravice in svoboščine, določene v tej Declaraciji. |
Article 28
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which
the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized. |
29. člen.
- Vsakdo ima dolžnosti do skupnosti, v kateri je edino mogoč
svoboden in popoln razvoj njegove osebnosti.
- Pri izvanjanju svojih pravic in svoboščin je vsakdo
podvržen samo takšnim omejitvam, ki so določene z zakonom, katerih izključni namen je
zavarovati obvezno priznanje in spoštovanje pravic in svoboščin drugih ter
izpolnjevanje pravičnih zahtev morale, javnega reda in splošne blaginje v demokratični
družbi.
- Te pravice in svoboščine se v nobenem primeru ne smejo
izvajati v nasprotju s cilji in načeli Združenih narodov.
|
Article 29
- Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full
development of his personality is possible.
- In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject
only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due
recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just
requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.
- These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the
purposes and principles of the United Nations.
|
30. člen.
Nobene določbe te Declaracije se ne sme razlagati tako, kot
da iz nje izhaja za državo, skupino ali posameznika kakršnakoli pravica do
kakršnegakoli delovanja ali dejanja, ki bi hotelo uničiti v njej določene pravice in
svoboščine. |
Article 30
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any
State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at
the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein. |