INKCAZO-JIKELELE
NGEEMFANELO ZOLUNTU
ISINGENISO
Njengoko iimfanelo zesidima soluntu semvelo kunye neemfanelo
zoluntu-jikelele olungenakunikelwa olusisisekelo senkululeko, ubulungisa
noxolo emhlabeni. |
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION
OF HUMAN RIGHTS
PREAMBLE
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the
equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the
foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, |
Njengoko ukungananzi nokudelelwa kweemfanelo zoluntu ezingunobangela
weziphumo zobukrwada ezithi zibangele ingcwangu kwisazela soluntu, kunye
nesiqalo nokufika kwelizwe apho uluntu luza kuxhamla ukuthetha
ngokukhululekileyo, inkolo nenkululeko engenaloyiko kunye neemfuno
ezazisiweyo njengeminqweno yoluntu-jikelele. |
Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous
acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a
world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and
freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of
the common people, |
Kwananjalo kubalulekile ke ngoko, ukuba umntu anganyanzeliswa ukufumana
uncedo, okwetyeli lokugqibela, ukuchasa ubundlobongela nengcindezelo, kuba
iimfanelo zesidima sobuntu mazikhuselwe ngolawulo lomthetho. |
Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as
a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human
rights should be protected by the rule of law, |
Njengokuba kubalulekile ukukhuthaza kokwandiswa kobuhlobo nemvisiswano
phakathi kwezizwe. |
Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations
between nations, |
Njengoko uluntu Lwezizwe Ezimanyeneyo luthe lwaqinisekisa kukubaluleka
kweemfanelo zesidima soluntu, oku kuxabiseka kwesidima nokuxabiseka koluntu
nakwiimfanelo zamadoda namakhosikazi, bathe bazimisela ukukhuthaza inkqubela
yezentlalo nomgangatho obhetele kwimpilo yoluntu ekhululekileyo. |
Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed
their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the
human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to
promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, |
Njengoko amalungu obuRhulumente kunye nawezizwe ezimanyeneyo azimisele
ukukhuthaza intlonipho yoluntu-jikelele nokuqatshelwa kweemfanelo zoluntu
nokubaluleka kwenkululeko. |
Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation
with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and
observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, |
Njengoko iimvisiswano zesidima soluntu nenkululeko yoluntu zibalulekile
ukuze kuzuzwe esi sithembiso, |
Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the
greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge, Now, therefore, |
NGOKU-KE NGENXA YOKO,
Intlanganiso-jikelele
Yazisa ngale nkcazo-jikelele engeemfanelo zoluntu ezikumgangatho
oqhelekileyo wokuphumeza abantu bonke kunye nezizwe zonke, kude kube
sekugqibeleni nokuba wonke ubani nakunye nemibutho yoluntu, ekufuneka
igcine le nkcazelo, izame ukufundisa nokuqeqesha ukukhuthaza intlonipho
yezomfanelo zoluntu nenkululeko, neendlela zenkqubela phambili, kwisizwe
sonke nakumazwe angaphesheya ukuze kukhuseleke ummiselo-jikelele
nokuqapheleka, uqwalaselo, phakathi koluntu lwamalungu oburhulumente
ngokwawo, kunye nabantu bezizwe ezibaphetheyo. |
The General Assembly,
proclaims
this Universal Declaration
of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and
all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society,
keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and
education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by
progressive measures, national and international, to secure their
universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples
of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under
their jurisdiction.
|
Inqaku loku-1
Bonke abantu bazalwa bekhululekile belingana ngesidima
nangokweemfanelo. Bonke abantu banesiphiwo sesazela nesizathu sokwenza
isenzo ongathanda ukuba senziwe kumzalwane wakho. |
Article 1
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity
and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act
towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. |
Inqaku lesi-2
Wonke umntu unamalungelo kwiimfanelo nenkululeko eziqulathwe kule
nkcazelo, ngaphandle kokwahlulwa ngobuhlanga, ibala, ubuni, ulwimi,
inkolo, ezopolitiko nezinye izimvo, ezesizwe okanye ezentlalo, ezokuzalwa
okanye namanye amawonga.
Ngaphezu koko, akukho mahluko unokwenziwa usekelwe kwezopolitiko,
ulawulo lwezobulungisa okanye amawonga ezizwe nezizwana okanye ummandla
apho umntu akhoyo, nokuba uzimele, ukuthembeka, urhulumente ongazimelanga
okanye nokuba zeziphi indlela zokunciphisa ulawulo lobukumkani. |
Article 2
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms
set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as
race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national
or social origin, property, birth or other status.
Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political,
jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which
a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or
under any other limitation of sovereignty. |
Inqaku lesi-3
Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuphila, inkululeko kunye nokhuseleko. |
Article 3
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security
of person. |
Inqaku lesi-4
Akukho namnye oya kugcinwa ebukhobokeni nakukhuselo lomnye umntu, kanti
urhwebo ngamakhoboka aluvumelekanga nangayiphina indlela. |
Article 4
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery
and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. |
Inqaku lesi-5
Akukho namnye oyakuphathwa gadalala, ngenkohlakalo, ngokungenabuntu
okanye ngempatho eluhlazo okanye isohlwayo. |
Article 5
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel,
inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. |
Inqaku lesi-6
Wonke umntu unelungelo lokwamkelwa yonke indawo njengomntu phambi
komthetho. |
Article 6
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a
person before the law. |
Inqaku lesi-7
Bonke abantu bayalingana phambi komthetho kwaye benamalungelo
ngaphandle kocalu-calulo ngokulinganayo kukhuseleko lomthetho. Bonke
abantu banelungelo lokhuselo olulinganayo oluchasene naluphina
ucalu-calulo olwaphula le nkcazelo, nangokuchasene neendlela zothelekiso
kucalu-calulo. |
Article 7
All are equal before the law and are entitled without
any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal
protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and
against any incitement to such discrimination. |
Inqaku lesi-8
Wonke umntu unelungelo loncedo lwesiphumo sobuchule benkundla yamatyala
esizwe ngokomthetho owaphula iimfanelo ezibalulekileyo ezinikelwa
ngumthetho wolawulo. |
Article 8
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the
competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights
granted him by the constitution or by law. |
Inqaku le-9
Akukho namnye oza kubanjwa ngendlela engaqondakaliyo, abe libanjwa
okanye abe selubhacweni. |
Article 9
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest,
detention or exile. |
Inqaku le-10
Wonke umntu unelungelo elipheleleyo elilinganayo nelilungileyo
nokuxoxwa kwetyala esidlangalaleni yinkundla ezimeleyo okanye inkundla
zamatyala ezingakhethi cala ekumisweni kwamalungelo nemfanelo zoluntu
kunye naluphi na ulwaphulo mthetho amangalelwe ngalo. |
Article 10
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and
public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the
determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge
against him. |
Inqaku le-11
- Wonke umntu omangalelwe kuba enetyala, unelungelo lokubonwa
engenatyala ade abe ufunyenwe enetyala ngokwasemthethweni kwinkundla
yamatyala apho ebe nesiqiniseko esifanelekileyo sokhuseleko.
- Akukho namnye oya kufunyanwa enesohlwayo setyala ngenxa yomthetho
okanye ukushiya isenzo esingamisa isohlwayo setyala, ngaphantsi
kwamatyala esizwe nawezizwe-jikelele, nangexesha lokwenzeka kwetyala.
Nakuba kubekwe isigwebo esinzima kunesiya esasisetyenziswa ngexesha
lokwenzeka kwetyala.
|
Article 11
- Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right
to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public
trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
- No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on
account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence,
under national or international law, at the time when it was committed.
Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at
the time the penal offence was committed.
|
Inqaku le-12
Akukho namnye oya kuphazanyiswa kubomi obubobakhe, kusapho lwakhe,
kwikhaya lakhe okanye ngokwembalelwano, nokuba kukuhlaselwa okuhlisa
isidima nodumo lomntu. Wonke umntu kufanelekile ukuba akhuselwe ngumthetho
ekuphazanyisweni okanye kuhlaselo. |
Article 12
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference
with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his
honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law
against such interference or attacks. |
Inqaku le-13
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuhamba nokuhlala phakathi kwemida
yasebuRhulumenteni.
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokushiya nokuba leliphi ilizwe nelakhe
ngokunjalo kwaye aphinde abuyele kwelakhe ilizwe.
|
Article 13
- Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and
residence within the borders of each State.
- Everyone has the right to leave any country,
including his own, and to return to his country.
|
Inqaku le-14
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokucela aze axhamle indawo yokhuseleko
elubhacweni kwamanye amazwe.
- Eli lungelo alinakukhuselwa wakumangalelwa ngenyaniso
engenamvelaphi, ulwaphulo-mthetho olungenazipolitiki okanye kumthetho
ochasene neenjongo zomthetho-siseko zeZizwe ezimanyeneyo.
|
Article 14
- Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in
other countries asylum from persecution.
- This right may not be invoked in the case of
prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts
contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
|
Inqaku-15
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lobuhlanga.
- Akukho namnye oya kuhluthwa ubuhlanga bakhe okanye ahluthwe ilungelo
lokutshintsha ubuzwe bakhe.
|
Article 15
- Everyone has the right to a nationality.
- No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his
nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.
|
Inqaku le-16
- Amadoda namakhosikazi aselekhulile, ngaphandle kokuthintelwa ngenxa
yobuhlanga, ubuzwe okanye inkolo, banelungelo lokutshata babe nosapho.
Banamalungelo alinganayo emtshatweni naxa sewuqhawukile.
- Kuya kutshatwa ngokukhululekileyo nangokupheleleyo ngemvume yabo
baza kuba ngumyeni nenkosikazi.
- Usapho lusisisekelo esibalulekileyo sendalo kuluntu kwaye
lunelungelo lokhuseleko oluvela kuluntu nakuRhulumente.
|
Article 16
- Men and women of full age, without any limitation
due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found
a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during
marriage and at its dissolution.
- Marriage shall be entered into only with the free
and full consent of the intending spouses.
- The family is the natural and fundamental group
unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
|
Inqaku le-17
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuba nezinto ezizezakhe yedwa kunye nezo
azidibanele nabanye.
- Akukho namnye oyakuhluthwa athathelwe izinto zakhe.
|
Article 17
- Everyone has the right to own property alone as
well as in association with others.
- No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his
property.
|
Inqaku le-18
Wonke umntu unelungelo leengcinga ezikhululekileyo isazela nokholo, eli
lungelo liquka inkululeko yokutshintsha ukholo lwakho okanye ukukholwa
nenkululeko yoko unokukwenza wedwa okanye nobudlelwane nabanye nokuba
kusesidlangalaleni okanye emfihlakalweni, ukucacisa inkolo yakho okanye
ukukholelwa kwimfundiso, ukwenza unqulo nokugcina izithethe. |
Article 18
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought,
conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion
or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in
public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice,
worship and observance. |
Inqaku le-19
Wonke umntu unelungelo lokucinga nokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo, eli
lungelo liquka inkululeko yokuveza uluvo lwakhe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka
nokuzama ufumana ukuze udlulise ulwazi neengcinga nangaziphi na iintlobo
zosasazo nokuba kukweyiphi na imida. |
Article 19
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and
expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without
interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through
any media and regardless of frontiers. |
Inqaku la-20
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lenkululeko yeendibano zoxolo kunye
neentlanganiso zoxolo.
- Akukho namnye oya kunyanzeliswa ukuba abe lilungu lentlangano.
|
Article 20
- Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful
assembly and association.
- No one may be compelled to belong to an
association.
|
Inqaku la-21
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuthabatha inxaxheba kwezobuRhulumente
belizwe lakhe ngqo okanye ngokusetyenziswa kwamalungu akhethiweyo.
- Wonke umntu unethuba elilinganayo lokusebenzela uRhulumente welizwe
lakhe.
- Intando yoluntu iya kuba sisisekelo sempatho kaRhulumente; le ntando
iyakubonakaliswa ngamaxesha athile nangobunyani belungelo lovoto eya
kwenziwa ngokufihlakeleyo okanye ngendlela elinganayo yokuvota
ngenkululeko.
|
Article 21
- Everyone has the right to take part in the
government of his country, directly or through freely chosen
representatives.
- Everyone has the right to equal access to public
service in his country.
- The will of the people shall be the basis of the
authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and
genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall
be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.
|
Inqaku la-22
Wonke umntu njengelungu lombutho woluntu, unelungelo lokhuseleko
lombutho woluntu kwaye enelungelo lokuphumeza, ngeenzame zobuzwe
nangemvisiswano zamazwe nangokuvumelana nemibutho namacebo obuRhulumente
ngokwezoqoqosho, ezentlalo namalungelo amasiko neemfanelo zesidima
nenkululeko engenkqubela-phambili yobuntu bakhe. |
Article 22
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to
social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and
international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and
resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights
indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality. |
Inqaku la-23
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokusebenza, ukuzikhethela umsebenzi
ngokukhululekileyo, ubulungisa neemfuneko ezifanelekileyo zomsebenzi,
kunye nokukhuseleka okuchasene nokungabinamsebenzi.
- Wonke umntu ngaphandle komkhethe, unelungelo lomvuzo olinganayo
ngomsebenzi olinganayo.
- Wonke umntu osebenzayo unelungelo lobulungisa bokukhetha intlawulo
ukuqinisekisa ukuba yena nosapho lwakhe baphila impilo enexabiso
nesidima sobuntu, eya kuthi yongezwe kwakuba nemfuneko, ngezinye
iindlela zokukhusela intlalo yoluntu.
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokubumba okanye abe lilungu lweemanyano
zorhwebo, ukukhusela iimfanelo zakhe.
|
Article 23
- Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of
employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection
against unemployment.
- Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right
to equal pay for equal work.
- Everyone who works has the right to just and
favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence
worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of
social protection.
- Everyone has the right to form and to join trade
unions for the protection of his interests.
|
Inqaku la-24
Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuphumla nokuba nexesha lokuphola, kunye
namaxesha avumelekileyo okusebenza namaxesha eholide ezuza umvuzo. |
Article 24
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including
reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. |
Inqaku la-25
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lentlalo esemgangathweni ngokuphila impilo
efanelekileyo kunye nosapho lwakhe, kunye nokutya, impahla, indawo
yokuhlala, unyango kunye neenkonzo ezibalulekileyo zentlalo,
kwanelungelo lokhuseleko wakungasebenzi, wakugula, wakuba ngumlwelwe,
ngumhlolokazi, ngumdli-mhlalaphansi okanye wakuswela impilo
ngokungalawulekiyo.
- Ubunina nobuntwana bulungelwe yinkathalelo ebalulekileyo kunye
noncedo olukhethekileyo. Bonke abantwana nakuba bengazalwa emtshatweni
mabaxhamle ukhuseleko lwentlalo ngokulinganayo.
|
Article 25
- Everyone has the right to a standard of living
adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family,
including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social
services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment,
sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in
circumstances beyond his control.
- Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special
care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock,
shall enjoy the same social protection.
|
Inqaku la-26
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lemfundo. Kuza kuba nomfundaze kwabaqalayo
nakwimigangatho ebalulekileyo. Imfundo yabaqalayo iya kunyanzeliswa.
Imfundo ngezobugcisa kunye nokufundela umsebenzi kuya kwenziwa ukuba
kufumaneke kanti imfundo ephakamileyo nayo iya kwenziwa ukuba ifumaneke
ngokulinganayo kuluntu lonke njengesiseko sempumelelo.
- Imfundo iza kujoliswa ngqo kwinkqubela phambili epheleleyo yoluntu
nokomelezwa kwentlonipho yamalungelo oluntu nokubaluleka kwenkululeko.
Iza kuxhasa imvisiswano, ukunyamezelana nobuhlobo phakathi kwezizwe,
ubuzwe, namaqela eenkolo eyakuthi iphuhlise umsebenzi wamazwe jikelele
ukuze kugcinwe uxolo.
- Abazali banelungelo elibalulekileyo lokukhetha uhlobo lwemfundo
eyakuthi ifundiswe abantwana babo.
|
Article 26
- Everyone has the right to education. Education
shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages.
Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional
education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be
equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
- Education shall be directed to the full development
of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human
rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance
and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall
further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
- Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of
education that shall be given to their children.
|
Inqaku la-27
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuthabatha inxaxheba ngokukhululekileyo
kwinkqubela yelizwe lakhe, onwabele inkcubeko kunye nesabelo senkqubela
phambili yenzululwazi kunye noncedo lwezo zinto.
- Wonke umntu unelungelo lokhuseleko, lwempatho kunye nezo zinto athi
azithande ezithi zibe ziziphumo zezayo nayiphina inkqubela, ubuchule
bokufunda nokubhala okanye ubugcisa bemveliso yombhali.
|
Article 27
- Everyone has the right freely to participate in the
cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in
scientific advancement and its benefits.
- Everyone has the right to the protection of the
moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or
artistic production of which he is the author.
|
Inqaku la-28
Wonke umntu unelungelo lentlalo yoluntu kunye neyezizwe-jikelele apho
amalungelo nenkuleleko alenkcazo-jikelele athi amkeleke khona. |
Article 28
Everyone is entitled to a social and international
order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be
fully realized. |
Inqaku la-29
- Wonke umntu kufuneka asebenzele uluntu aphila phakathi kwalo, apho
inkululeko nenkqubela-phambili epheleleyo neyamkelekileyo yoluntu ithi
ifumaneke khona.
- Ekusebenziseni amalungelo nenkululeko, wonke umntu uya kuba phantsi
kwempembelelo ezimiselwe ngumthetho ngezizathu zokuqinisekisa
ulwamkeleko ngentlonipho yamalungelo nenkululeko yabanye, ukuhlanganiswa
kweemfuneko yokuziphatha kakuhle, esidlangaleni nentlalo-ntle
ngokolawulo lwedemokrasi.
- La malungelo neenkululeko zoluntu mawangasetyenziswa ngendlela
ephikisana neenjongo nemithetho yamazwe abumbeneyo.
|
Article 29
- Everyone has duties to the community in which alone
the free and full development of his personality is possible.
- In the exercise of his rights and freedoms,
everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by
law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the
rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of
morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.
- These rights and freedoms may in no case be
exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
|
Inqaku la-30
Le nkcazo-jikelele mayingatolikwa ngenjongo yokuba imele
ezobuRhulumente, iqela okanye umntu owenza isithembiso okanye osenzo
sineenjongo ezingatshabalalisa nokuba ngowuphi na umqathango wamalungelo
kunye neenkululeko zoluntu ekuthethwa ngazo apha. |
Article 30
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as
implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity
or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and
freedoms set forth herein. |